narration rules in banglaঅথবা passage narration exercise

narrate meaning in bengali অথবা narration  শব্দের বাংলা অর্থ হচ্ছে বর্ণনা করা Passage Narration   হল narration পরিবর্তনএর খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বিষয় । Grammar তথা Narration এর খুঁটিনাটি ভুল ত্রুটি এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Rules আলোচনা করা হবে এখানে। বলা যায় Narration / Passage Narration অধ্যায়টি ভালোভাবে অধ্যয়ন করতে পারলে ইংরেজিতে ভালো করা অনেকটা সহজ হয়ে যায়। JSC, SSC, HSC সহ যে কোন Academic কিংবা প্রতিযোগিতা মুলক পরীক্ষায় Narration একটি Factor. তাই আসুন মাত্র ১৩টি নিয়মের সাহায্যেই আমরা Narration আয়ত্ত্ব করা শিখি।

 

narration rules in bangla

 

Rule-1:

Direct Speech-এ Reporting Verb মাঝে অথবা শেষে থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ Reporting Verb বাক্যের একদম শুরুতে এসে বসবে। 

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“Will you catch fish tomorrow?” I asked Atif.	I asked Atif if he would catch fish the next day.

 

Rule-2:

• দ্বিতীয় বা তার পরবর্তী Reported Speech-কে Indirect করার সময়ে Assertive Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে “added/ further added/ also said/ again said” হবে।
• দ্বিতীয় বা তার পরবর্তী Reported Speech-কে Indirect করার সময়ে Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে “also asked/ further asked/ again asked” হবে।
  তবে একই বক্তা আলাদা আলাদা বাক্যের ধরণ ব্যবহার করলে Reported Speech এর ধরণ বা প্রকৃতি অনুযায়ীই Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হবে।

passage narration exercise: 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
The teacher said to me, “You can stop your writing. You may write tomorrow”.	The teacher told me that I could stop my writing then. He added that I might write the next day/the following day.

 

Rule-3(i):

Reported Speech-এ শুধু “Yes” দেয়া থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative.” অথবা, “Subject এর পর do/ does/ did/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had. ইত্যাদি বসিয়ে Idirect করা যায়।”

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Arik asked me, “Have you done your homework?” I said, “Yes.”	Arik asked me if I had done my homework. I replied in the affirmative. অথবা Arik asked me if I had done my homework. I said that I had.

 

Rule-3(ii):

Reported Speech-এ “Yes”-এর পর কোনো বক্তব্য থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative + and said that…”

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Arik said to Atif, “Have you finished your homework?” “Yes, I will submit it tomorrow”, said Atif.	Arik asked Atif if he (Atif) had finished his homework. Atif replied in the affirmative and said that he would submit that the next day.

 

Rule-3(iii):

Reported Speech-এ শুধু “No” দেয়া থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে  “Subject + replied in the negative.” অথবা, “Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Not”. 

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Aqib said to Afra, “Are you preparing now?” Afra said, “No”.	Aqib asked Afra if she (A) was preparing then. Afra replied in the negative. অথবা Aqib asked Afra if she (A) was preparing then. Afra replied that she(A) was not.

 

Rule-3(iv):

Reported Speech-এ “No”-এর পর কোনো বক্তব্য থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the negative + and said that”.

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Arif said to Papia, “Are you coming to my home tomorrow?” “No, I have changed my decision”, said Papia.	Arif asked Papia if she (P) was coming to her (A) house the next day. Papia replied in the negative and said that she (P) had changed her decision.

 

Rule-4:

Direct Speech-এ ‘Sir’ থাকলে Indirect speech-এ “Addressing as Sir” যোগ করতে হবে অথবা, Sir-এর পরিবর্তে “Respectfully” হবে।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
The student said to his teacher, “Sir, I need the answer sheets.”	The student told the teacher respectfully that he needed the answer sheets. Addressing the teacher as Sir, the student said that he needed the answer sheets.

 

Rule-5:

Reported Speech-এ যদি কাউকে সম্বোধন (Address) করা হয়, তাহলে Indirect Speech-এর প্রথমে “Addressing as” যুক্ত হবে।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“Are you tired, friends?” said the Army chief.	Addressing them as friends, the army chief asked if they were tired.

 

Rule-6:

Direct Speech-এ “By Allah/ By Jove/ By God/ By my life” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ “Swearing by Allah/ by Jove/ by God/ by my life.” যোগ হবে।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“By Allah”, she replied, “I will not do this work”.	Swearing by Allah, she replied that she would not do that work.

 

Rule-7:

Inverted Comma-এর বাইরে Reporting Verb যুক্ত Phrase-এর অতিরিক্ত অংশ হিসেবে Present Participle Phrase থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ “Present Participle Phrase” Sentence এর শুরুতে বসে।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.	Turning to the dervishes, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.

 

Rule-8:

Reported Speech-টি Assertive হওয়া সত্ত্বেও তার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ Reporting Verb-এর পূর্বে “Being surprised” লিখতে হয়।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Mom said to her, “You have kept in mind how they survived?”	Being surprised, Mom asked her if she had kept in mind how they had survived.

 

Rule-9:

Reported Speech-এ Thank you থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + thanked + Reporting Verb-এর object.” ।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Shila said to Sakib, “Thank you”.	Shila thanked Sakib.

 

Rule-10:

Reported Speech এ “Good bye” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + bid/bade + Reporting Verb-এর object + good bye.”

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
She said, “Good bye my buddies”.	She bade her buddies good bye.

 

Rule-11:

Reported Speech-এ “good morning/ good evening/ good night” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + wish/wished + good morning/ good evening/ good night.”

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
He said to her, “Good evening”.	He wished her good evening.

 

Rule-12:

অনেক সময় Reported Speech-এ পূর্ণাঙ্গ Sentence না থেকে Sentence এর অংশ অর্থাৎ Phrase থাকলে, Indirect Speech-এ বক্তার বক্তব্যকে অনুসরণ করে উক্ত Speech-কে পূর্ণাঙ্গ Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“You’ve served me a delicious dish. How much to pay you?” I said to the waiter. “Two hundred thirty takas?” - “Everything is alright.”	I told the waiter that he had served me adelicious dish. I also asked him how much I should pay him. I further asked him if two hundred thirty takas would do. He replied that everyhing was all right.

 

Rule-13:

যদি Direct Speech-এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতা উল্লেখ না থাকে, তাহলে বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে “The speaker” এবং শ্রোতার ক্ষেত্রে “The listener” অথবা “The person spoken to” ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

passage narration exercise:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
“Are you going tomorrow?” “Yes, I will go tomorrow afternoon.”	The speaker asked the listener if he (L) was going the next day. The listener replied in the affirmative and said that he would go the next afternoon.